What does it Really Mean to Have Religious Freedom?

By Deryn

Mar 23, 2023

Sibelius monumnet Helsinki showing organ pipes that are tree trunks of the forest

Photo Pixabay, Sibelious Monument,

Music becomes a voice for change

I have long believed that the arts serve purposes far beyond decoration. A painting can tell a story. A poem can preserve a memory. A novel can give a forgotten person a voice. Drama and dance are transient vehicles for storytelling. And music? Music can bring people together.  have seen something of this for myself in my travels. I have stood before the monument to Jean Sibelius in Helsinki, Finland, and I have visited Estonia. Standing in those places, knowing something of their history, gives a different meaning to the music. You begin to understand that these were not simply composers writing beautiful melodies. In times of oppression and uncertainty, music can become a vessel carrying the identity of an entire people.

Music when a nation finds its voice

Consider Finland. For more than six hundred years, Finland was part of the Swedish realm. In 1809, it passed from Sweden to the Russian Empire and became an autonomous Grand Duchy. During the nineteenth century, a growing Finnish cultural movement sought to strengthen a distinct national identity. The Kalevala compiled from Finnish oral poetry, became an important expression of that identity. Artists, writers, and musicians began to give Finland a language of its own, not necessarily a political language, but a cultural one.

Sculpture of Sibelious Head, Helsinki

Photo Pixabay, Sibelious Monument

Then came Sibelius. In 1899, during a period of increasing Russian pressure and attempts at Russification, Sibelius composed the music that would become Finlandia It was originally part of a series of historical tableaux presented at the Press Celebrations in Helsinki. The final section, known as “Finland Awakes,” stirred something deep in the Finnish people. Finlandia became a symbol of Finnish nationalism. When I stood before the Sibelius monument, I wasn’t just viewing a memorial to a famous composer. It reminded me of what happens when art helps people remember their identity. Sibelius helped give Finland a sound, and sometimes people need a sound before finding a voice. Organ pipes represented the trees of the forest; forests go deep into the psyche of the Finnish people, a voice that resonated with them.Estonian Music Festival Stand

Estonia sang its way toward freedom

I experienced a similar feeling when I visited Estonia. Domination by powerful neighbors has marked Estonia’s history, and during the Soviet period, language and national identity were under pressure. Yet Estonia had an extraordinary cultural treasure: its singing tradition.

The Singing Revolution of the late 1980s demonstrated just how powerful that treasure could become. Hundreds of thousands of Estonians gathered at the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds and sang traditional and patriotic songs together. They sang Mu isamaa on minu arm, “Land of My Fathers, Land that I Love,” a song that had become deeply associated with Estonian identity. They also sang the patriotic songs of composer Alo Mattiisen.Music of Estonian Dancers

Estonian Folk Dancers, Video - Deryn van der Tang

This was nonviolence; they were not taking up arms, they were raising their voices. By 1989, the movement had grown into the remarkable Baltic Way, when people in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania joined hands in a human chain stretching across the three Baltic countries. Music had helped people remember they belonged to something larger than the political system that governed them.

The music that defied ruins

Then there is Sarajevo. During the terrible siege of Sarajevo in the 1990s, cellist Vedran Smailović became known as the “Cellist of Sarajevo.” After twenty-two people were killed while waiting for bread, Smailović returned to the devastated area and played Albinoni’s Adagio in G minor in their memory. Picture a city under attack. Amidst the broken buildings and people living in fear, a man sits with his cello and plays. The music could not stop the bombs, nor could it bring the dead back. But it declared something profound:

Beauty had not been destroyed. Human dignity had not been destroyed, and the human spirit had not been destroyed. That is the power of the arts.

Why do the arts matter?

When we talk about social change, we often think about politicians, protesters, legislation, and movements. And, of course, these matter. But underneath every movement is something deeper: a story about who we are and what we believe is worth preserving. Artists help us tell that story. A composer can give a nation a melody. Poets can preserve a language. Painters can capture a landscape that becomes part of a people’s memory. A storyteller can take the ordinary life of one family and reveal something universal about courage, suffering, and hope.

Perhaps that is why oppressive regimes have so often tried to control language, literature, music, and art. They understand something we sometimes forget: culture holds memory. And memory gives people identity.

The Bible tells us, “A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silver” (Proverbs 25:11).

Sometimes someone speaks, paints, sings, or writes that word.

The arts may not change the world overnight. Yet, they have the power to shift how people view the world. And once people see differently, they may begin to think differently, hope differently, and eventually act differently.

As I think about Finland, Estonia, and many other places I have traveled, I remember that the arts form a vital part of human society. They are part of our inheritance; they carry the stories of those who came before us. They inspire courage in those struggling today and plant seeds of hope for future generations. Perhaps that is why music has such extraordinary power.

A single voice may be silenced, a single instrument broken, yet a song alive in people’s hearts proves much harder to destroy.

And sometimes, when a people begin to sing together, the world begins to listen.

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Pilgrim Fathers -Religious Freedom

Pilgrim Fathers, photo White House Historical Association

Freedom of religion was one of the founding freedoms of the United States. The Pilgrim Fathers were a radical group escaping from persecution in England in 1620, because they did not subscribe to the structure system of the Church of England, established by Henry VIII. Later French Huguenots also arrived in Massachusetts, escaping from persecution after the religious wars in France. The Huguenots were a much larger group; some also went to South Africa and other more favorable countries. This was one of the downsides of the Reformation in setting Christians against one another due to their beliefs about Church organization. Protestants wanted a more ‘Biblical’ form of worship and church structure based on Calvin's teachings. The Pilgrim Puritans wanted to set up a “perfect society where all people would be free to worship as they wished.”

This principle is enshrined in the constitution and international human rights treaties. Individuals should be able to hold their own religious beliefs and practice their religion without interference from the State or other individuals. This is the case in most democratic societies, as it allows for diverse beliefs and practices to live side by side and helps to ensure the peaceful coexistence of different communities. It applies not only to individuals but to religious institutions as well.

Religious Freedom is not Absolute.

Religious freedom is not absolute and can conflict with other rights and freedoms, such as the right to equality and non-discrimination. Some religions downgrade the role of women as an example or have a caste or hierarchy system. In these cases, it is essential to balance the rights and freedoms of individuals in a way that is respectful to all. This can be challenging at times when faced with specific practices that may not be appropriate in particular settings and upset other people who are not of that religion. I was greatly challenged when managing a housing complex in Cape Town when a new resident wanted to sacrifice an animal within the Complex to invite the spirit of his ancestors to dwell with him there in our midst. I had to fall back on the municipal regulations of not slaughtering an animal in an urban area to bring about a peaceful solution to this clash of freedoms.

Minority and Indigenous Religions are also valid.

It is also important to note that freedom of religion applies not only to majority religious groups but also to minority and indigenous religions. These groups can face specific challenges to their religious freedom, including discrimination, cultural assimilation, and loss of traditional lands and practices. There has been an unfortunate history of missionaries, however well-meaning and sincere they may have been in trying to eradicate Native culture and religions. The Constitution must protect the religious freedom of all individuals and communities, regardless of their size or the prevalence of their beliefs.

State Religions

Some countries have a state religion, i.e., the UK, where the Monarch is head of the State and the Church. In Finland, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland was the official state church; it is now a national church. Governments can also restrict the freedom of religious expression by laws that limit the construction of religious buildings, wearing religious dress, or using religious symbols in public spaces. They must be proportionate to the safety and protection of others’ rights and not unduly restrict the freedom of religion, and not just be a form of repression.

State Surveillance of Religious Groups

In some countries, religious groups are also subjected to state surveillance or are denied recognition as legitimate religious organizations. This can have severe consequences for the freedom of individuals and communities, contributing to a climate of fear and mistrust. To bring about understanding and respect for one another’s beliefs is a matter of valuing human beings as all being made in the image of their Creator. Civil laws that protect both the individual’s right to practice their religion and protect the community they live in is a delicate balance. Raising awareness and education that promote understanding and respect for different beliefs and the value of life should be part of the education system.

Belief Cannot be Proved.

A belief is just that; it cannot be proved, but there needs to be freedom for people to have their own faith or belief as a form of social-cultural system. This is one of the deepest needs of man to connect with something greater than himself, to be part of an eternal wisdom that gives him a set of values and moral code to live by. This is why Governments must protect the freedom of religion and promote religious tolerance between people of diverse beliefs and practices so that they may coexist in peace and respect for one another, as it is the moral code that holds a community together rather than the legal code.

Tradition versus Belief

At the same time, religious groups need to respect the choices of their members if they decide to leave a specific group and believe something different. Sometimes, life teaches us lessons so that what we formerly believed is no longer valid for us, and so our absolutes change to new ideas and beliefs. This is also growing in understanding; just like children no longer believe in Santa Claus once they reach a certain age, they will still pretend there is Santa Claus when they are adults and have children of their own. It is a tradition rather than a belief, and so it is with many religious practices, tradition rather than belief.  An individual will believe what is true for him that will give him the moral code by which to live, often based on his religion's wisdom and sacred books.

Freedom of religion is a very delicate balance of different freedoms, yet foundational for a democratic society to function in a healthy manner. What are you views on Religious Freedom? Do join the conversation below.

 

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